Coal Loss Reconciliation and Conditional Recovery Scenarios for an Open-Pit Coal Seam in Jambi, Indonesia
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Abstract
Coal recovery in open-pit mines is commonly judged against the 90% mining-recovery planning figure of Indonesian good-mining-practice regulation, although survey and weighbridge tonnages originate from different measurement systems. This study reconciled survey-based in-situ tonnage (Ts) with weighbridge tonnage (Tc) for Seam 2, Pit B, Jambi, Indonesia, in January–February 2026, allocated the apparent discrepancy to three components, and calculated conditional recovery targets. Ts was 28,536.03 tons and Tc 24,114.08 tons, giving an apparent discrepancy of 4,421.95 tons (15.50%) and a coal recovery of 84.50%. In the base case, hauling (41.37%, estimated) exceeded other factors (32.25%, residual) and loading point (26.39%, assumption-based), but this ranking reversed at bucket fill factors below 0.943, marginally above the observed mean of 0.942; recovery would reach 90% at an in-situ density of 1.183 tons/m³. Reaching 90% requires recovering 1,568.35 tons, a 35.47% reduction of the discrepancy, which is an arithmetic target rather than a tested outcome.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c): Indah Permata Sari, Heri Prabowo, Jukepsa Andas, Rangga Agung Pribadi Heriawan (2026)
How to Cite
Sari, I., Prabowo, H., Andas, J., & Heriawan, R. (2026). Coal Loss Reconciliation and Conditional Recovery Scenarios for an Open-Pit Coal Seam in Jambi, Indonesia. MOTIVECTION : Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering, 8(2), 231 - 250. https://doi.org/10.46574/motivection.v8i2.635
References
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[4] A. Irfandy, A. Triantoro, and S. Melati, “Analisis coal losses pada kegiatan penambangan di Pit Inul Middle Panel 3 PT. Kaltim Prima Coal,” Jurnal HIMASAPTA, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 57–65, 2021, doi: 10.20527/jhs.v6i2.3960.
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[13] A. W. Seuk, Y. Rumbino, and I. F. Krisnasiwi, “Analisis coal losses pada kegiatan penambangan batubara di Pit Kungkilan PT. LDA,” Jurnal Teknologi, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 47–51, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://ejurnal.undana.ac.id/index.php/jurnal_teknologi/article/view/22340
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[19] D. Anggara, Franto, and Guskarnali, “Evaluasi match factor alat gali-muat dan angkut untuk meningkatkan produktivitas stripping overburden PT Cipta Kridatama,” Jurnal HIMASAPTA, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 13–20, 2024, doi: 10.20527/jhs.v9i1.9373.
[20] M. Asof, A. Triando, and M. Puspita, “Analisis mining recovery penambangan batubara akibat adanya pengotor (impurities) pada Lapisan A2 dan B di PT Bara Alam Utama,” Jurnal Pertambangan, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1–4, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://ejournal.ft.unsri.ac.id/index.php/JP/article/view/1587
[21] H. Prabowo and U. Z. D. Marcelino, “Kajian teknis produktifitas dan keserasian excavator dengan dump truck pada kegiatan coal getting Seam 18 PT. Kurnia Alam Investama Kabupaten Batanghari Provinsi Jambi,” CIVED, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 398–408, 2023, doi: 10.24036/cived.v10i2.397.
[22] R. Fikri and M. Gusman, “Analysis match factor loader and hauler for activities overburden removal using the queue method at PT. Andalan Artha Primanusa Jobsite PT. Budi Gema Gempita, South Sumatera Province,” Bina Tambang, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 27–33, 2024, doi: 10.24036/bt.v9i1.127642.
[23] H. Prabowo and C. Febriani, “Analysis of the relationship between road slope and total resistance to fuel consumption of Sany SKT 90S dump truck,” MOTIVECTION: Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 397–414, 2023, doi: 10.46574/motivection.v5i2.242.
[24] M. Zara and H. Prabowo, “Kajian teknis geometri jalan angkut dan pengaruhnya terhadap produksi alat angkut pada penambangan batu andesit di PT. Ansar Terang Crushindo, Kecamatan Pangkalan Koto Baru, Sumatera Barat,” Bina Tambang, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 20–31, 2020, doi: 10.24036/bt.v5i5.110157.
[25] R. N. Fitriadi, Iswandaru, and E. Moralista, “Pengaruh geometri jalan terhadap produktivitas alat angkut,” Jurnal Riset Teknik Pertambangan, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 41–48, 2024, doi: 10.29313/jrtp.v4i1.3821.
[26] Nurhidayatullah Am, S. D. Devy, L. L. Respati, A. Ismail, T. Trides, and A. Winarno, “Pengaruh curah hujan terhadap produksi alat angkut batubara PT Bima Nusa Internasional Pit Susubang Jobsite PT Kideco Jaya Agung, Kabupaten Paser, Kalimantan Timur,” Globe: Publikasi Ilmu Teknik, Teknologi Kebumian, Ilmu Perkapalan, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 14–35, 2025, doi: 10.61132/globe.v3i3.936.
[27] Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Republik Indonesia, Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Mineral dan Batubara Nomor 226.K/30/DJB/2019 tentang Petunjuk Teknis Pelaksanaan Konservasi Batubara dalam rangka Pengendalian Kehilangan dan Dilusi pada Kegiatan Penambangan serta Pengelolaan Batubara Kualitas Rendah. Jakarta, Indonesia: Direktorat Jenderal Mineral dan Batubara, 2019.
[28] D. Lestari, S. R. Yanti, T. G. Saldy, and R. A. P. Heriawan, “Geometric redesign and cut-and-fill volume estimation of a non-compliant mine haul road at Pit Banko Tengah A, South Sumatra,” MOTIVECTION: Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 125–142, 2026, doi: 10.46574/motivection.v8i2.583.
[29] M. P. Secilia, M. Bisri, and U. Andawayanti, “Studi evaluasi sistem drainase air limpasan permukaan di Site Gurimbang Mine Operation PT Berau Coal,” Jurnal Teknologi dan Rekayasa Sumber Daya Air, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 719–732, 2023, doi: 10.21776/ub.jtresda.2023.003.02.061.
[30] D. J. Rianto, R. A. Ilahi, and A. Marwadi, “Perencanaan mine drainage pada lahan bekas tambang batubara: Studi kasus PT Tambulun Pangian Indah,” Jurnal HIMASAPTA, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 141–146, 2023, doi: 10.20527/jhs.v8i3.9220.
[31] B. Cao, X. Guo, J. Duan, Z. Zhang, G. Wu, K. Dong, and Y. Yin, “Recovery of compaction resources in internal dump of gently inclined composite coal seam open-pit mine,” Scientific Reports, vol. 14, Art. no. 25958, 2024, doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-76960-3.
[32] J. F. C. da Mata, A. S. Nader, and D. B. Mazzinghy, “A case study of incorporating variable recovery and specific energy in long-term open pit mining,” Mining, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 367–386, 2023, doi: 10.3390/mining3020022.
[33] O. Bakkula, D. Wibisono, and M. Siallagan, “Examining the drivers of changes in stripping ratio in open pit coal mining: A system dynamics model to optimize the coal discrepancy,” Discover Applied Sciences, vol. 7, no. 6, Art. no. 627, 2025, doi: 10.1007/s42452-025-07227-3.
[34] O. Bakkula, D. Wibisono, M. H. Basri, and M. Siallagan, “Towards resilience in the value chain of coal mining upstream: An agent-based modeling and simulation to improve coal discrepancy,” Discover Applied Sciences, vol. 7, no. 1, Art. no. 22, 2025, doi: 10.1007/s42452-024-06375-2.
[35] N. A. Ardianti and H. Prabowo, “Estimasi biaya dan evaluasi kebutuhan alat muat dan alat angkut terhadap efisiensi penambangan batubara pada tambang terbuka PT. Allied Indo Coal Jaya, Sawahlunto,” Bina Tambang, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 22–31, 2020, doi: 10.24036/bt.v5i2.107815.